Friday, 18 December 2015

Presidents of India

PRESIDENTS OF INDIA

1. Dr  Rajendra  Prasad
26.01.1950 13.05.1962
First  President and also had the longest tenure(12 years)

2. Dr  S Radhakrishnan
13.05.1962 13.05.1967
Was also first Vice-President of India

3. Dr  Zakir hussain
13.05.1967 03.05.1969
Shortest  tenure ; First Muslim President ; First President to die in harness

   V V  Giri (Vice-President)
03.05.1969 20.07.1969
First acting President of India

 Justice M Hidayattuilah
20.07.1969 24.08.1969
Was also the Chief Justice of India (acting President)

4. V V Giri
24.08.1969 24.08.1974 -

5. F  Ali Ahmed
24.08.1974 11.02.1977
Died in office

 BD Jatti
11.02.1977 25.07.1977
Acting President

6.  N Sanjeeva Reddy
25.07.1977 25.07.1982
Youngest President(64 Years)

7. Giani   Zail Singh
25.07.1982 25.07.1987
First Sikh President

8. R Venkataraman
25.07.1987 25.07.1992
Oldest President(76 Years)

9. Dr SD Sharma
25.07.1992 25.07.1997 -

10. KR Narayanan
25.07.1997 25.07.2002
First  Dalit  President

11. Dr APJ Abdul  Kalam
25.07.2002 25.07.2007
First Scientist to become President

12. Mrs  Pratibha Patil
25.07.2007 24.07.2012
First  Woman to become President

13. Pranab Mukherjee
25.07.2012 Till Date -

First In India - Men

First In India (Men)

1. The first President of Indian Republic
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
2. The first Prime Minister of free India
Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
3. The first Muslim President of India
Dr. Zakir Hussain
4. The first Prime Minister of India who did not face the Parliament
Charan Singh
5. The first President of India who died while in office
Dr. Zakir Hussain
6. The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India
General Cariappa
7. The first Indian to win Nobel Prize
Rabindranath Tagore
8. The first Governor General of free India
Lord Mountbatten
9. The first British Viceroy of India
Lord Canning
10. The first and the last Indian Governer General of free India
C. Rajgopalachari
11. The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress
Badruddin Tayyabji
12. The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the full term
Morarji Desai
13. The first British Governor General of India
Lord William Bentinck
14. The first batsman to score three test century in three successive tests on debut
Mohd. Azharuddin
15. The first batsman to score double century in One Day International cricket match
Sachin Tendulkar
16. The first president of Indian National Congress
W.C. Banerjee
17. The first man to have climbed Mount Everest twice
Nawang Gombu
18. The first man who introduce printing press in India
James Hicky
19. The first Indian to join the I.C.S.
Satendranath Tagore
20. The first Indian man in space
Rakesh Sharma
21. The first Cheif of Army Staff
Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji
22. The first Indian member of the Viceroy's executive council
S.P. Sinha

23. The first Field Marshal of India
S.H.F. Manekshaw
24. The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics
C.V. Raman
25. The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award
Dr. Radhakrishnan
26. The first Indian to cross English Channel
Mihir Sen
27. The first person to receive Gyanpith award
Sri Shankar Kurup
28. The first Speaker of the Lok Sabha
Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar
29. The first Vice-President of India
Dr. Radhakrishnan
30. The first Education Minister
Abul Kalam Azad
31. The first Home Minister of India
Sardar Vallabha Bhai Patel
32. The first Indian Air Chief Marshal
S. Mukharji
33. The first Indian Naval Chief Vice Admiral
R.D. Katari
34. The first judge of International Court of Justice
Dr. Nagendra Singh
35. The first person to receive Paramveer Chakra
Major Somnath Sharma
36. The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen
Sherpa Anga Dorjee
37. The first Chief Election Commissioner
Sukumar Sen
38. The first person to receive Magsaysay Award
Achrya Vinoba Bhave
39. The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in Medicine
Hargovind Khurana
40. The first Chinese traveller to visit India
Fahein
41. The first person to receive Stalin Prize
Saifuddin Kitchlu
42. The first person to resign from the central cabinate
Shyama Prasad Mukharji
43. The first foreigner to receive Bharat Ratna
Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
44. The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics
Amartya Sen
45. The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court

Justice Hiralal J. Kania
-------

Important Days

Important Days in January

Jan 1 Army Medical Corps Establishment Day
Jan 8 African National Congress Foundation Day
Jan 9 Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
Jan 10 World Laughter Day
Jan 11 Death anniversary of Lal Bahadur Shastri
Jan 12 National youth Day (Birth Day of Swami Vivekanand)
Jan 15 Army Day
Jan 23 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose's birth anniversary
Jan 25 International Customs Duty Day, India Tourism Day, Indian Voter Day
Jan 26 Republic Day
Jan 28 Birth anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai
Jan 30 (Martyr's day) Mahatma Gandhi's Martyrdom Day
World Leprosy Eradication Day
Jan 31 World Leprosy Eradication Day

Important Days in February

Feb 2 World Wetlands Day
Feb 4 National Day of Srilanka
Feb 5 Kashmir Day (Organised by Pakistan)
Feb 13 Sarojini Naidu's Birth Anniversary
Feb 14 Valentine's Day
Feb 24 Central Exercise Day
Feb 28 National Science Day

Important Days in March

Mar 3 National Defence Day
Mar 4 National Security Day
Mar 8 International Women's Day
Mar 9 CISF Raising Day
Mar 12 Mauritius Day;Central Industrial Security Force Day
Mar 15 World Consumer Day
Mar 16 National Vaccination Day
Mar 21 World Forestry Day
Mar 22 World Day of Water
Mar 23 World Meterological Day
Mar 24 World TB Day
Mar 26 Bangaladesh Liberation Day

Important Days in April

April 1 Orissa Day
April 5 Natinal Meritime Day
April 7 World Health Day
April 13 Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre Day (1919)
April 14 B.R. Ambedkar Remembrance Day
April 18 World Heritage Day
April 22 World Earth Day
April 23 World Books Day

Important Days in May

May 1 International Labour Day, Maharashtra Day
May 3 International Energy Day
May 8 International Red Cross Day
(It is celebraed to commemorate the birth anniversary of
the founder of the Red Cross Organization Jean Henry Dunant)
May 11 National Technology Day
May 15 International Family Day
May 17 World Telecom Day
May 24 Commonwealth Day
May 31 World No Tobacco Day

Important Days in June

June 5 World Environment Day
June 8 World Oceans day
June 12 World Day Against Child Labour
June 14 World Blood Donor day
June 15 World Elder Abuse Awarness Day
June 17 World Day to Combat Desertification
June 20 World Refugee Day
June 21 International Yoga Day
June 23 United Nations Public Service Day
June 26 International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
June 29 Statistics Day

Important Days in July

July 1 Doctor's Day
July 4 American Independence Day
July 11 World Population Day
July 18 Mandela Day
July 26 Kargil Victory Day
July 28 World Hepatitis Day

Important Days in August

Aug 6 Hiroshima Day
Aug 9 Quit India Movement Day
Aug 12 International youth Day
Aug 14 Pakistan's Independence Day
Aug 15 India's Independence Day
Aug 19 World Photography Day
Aug 20 Sadbhavana Diwas
Aug 29 National Sports Day of India (Dhyanchand's Birth Day)
Aug 30 Small Industry Day

Important Days in September

Sept 5 Teacher's Day (Dr. Radhakrishnan's Birth Day)
Sept 7 Forgiveness Day
Sept 8 International Literacy Day
Sept 14 Hindi day,World First Aid Day
Sept 16 World Ozone Day
Sept 21 International Day of Peace, World Alzheimer's day
Sept 25 Social Justice Day
Sept 27 World Tourism Day

Important Days in October

Oct 1 International Day for the Elderly(UN)
Oct 2 Gandhi Jayanti, International Day of Non-Violence
Oct 3 World Nature Day, World Habitat Day
Oct 4 World Animal Day
Oct 5 World Teacher's Day
Oct 6 World Wildlife Day, World Food Security Day
Oct 8 Indian Airforce day
Oct 9 World Postal Day


Oct 10 World Mental Health day;National Post Day 
Oct 11 International Girl Child Day
Oct 12 World Sight day
Oct 13 World Calamty Control Day(UN)
Oct 14 World Standard Day
Oct 15 World White cane day(guiding the blind) 
Oct 16 World Food Day
Oct 17 International poverty
Oct 20 National Solidarity Day (China attacked India on that day)
Oct 24 United Nations Day
Oct 30 World Thrift Day
Oct 31 Rastriya Ekta Diwas (Sardar Patel), 
National Integration Day (In memory of Indira Gandhi)

Important Days in November

Nov 7 Infant Protection day;World Cancer Awareness Day
Nov 9 Legal Service Day
Nov 10 Transport Day
Nov 14 Children's day/ World Diabetics day
Nov 17 Guru Nanak Dev's Birth Anniverrsary
Nov 26 Law Day
Nov 30 Flag Day

Important Days in December

Dec 1 World AIDS Day
Dec 3 World Disability Day
Dec 4 Navy Day
Dec 7 Armed Force Flag Day
Dec 10 Human Rights day
Dec 11 UNICEF Day
Dec 14 National Energy Conservation Day
Dec 19 Goa's Liberation day
Dec 23 Kisan Divas (Farmer's Day)

Wednesday, 9 December 2015

Independence day of various countries

The following is a partial list of independence days of countries around the world:

Country                     Date            Year

Abkhazia                  July 4              1993
Afghanistan              August 19        1919
Albania                   November 28   1912
Algeria                     July 5              1962
Angola                     November 11   1975

Antigua and Barbuda     November 1    1981
Argentina                      July 9             1816
Armenia                       May 28           1918
Armenia                       September 21  1991
Austria                         October 26      1955
Azerbaijan                    May 28           1918
Azerbaijan                    October 18      1991

Bahamas                    July 10             1973
Bahrain                      December 16    1971
Bangladesh                 March 26         1971
Barbados                    November 30   1966
Belarus                       July 3              1944
Belgium                      July 21            1831
Belize                         September 21  1981
Benin                         August 1          1960
Bolivia                       August 6           1825

Bosnia and Herzegovina March 1          1992
Botswana                         September 30  1966
Brazil                               September 7    1822
Brunei                              January 1        1984
Bulgaria                            September 22  1908
Burkina Faso August 5 1960
Burma                              January 4        1948
Burundi July 1              1962

Cambodia November 9 1953
Cameroon January 1 1960
Canada July 1              1867
Cape Verde July 5              1975

Central African Republic August 13 1960
Chad                                 August 11 1960

Chile           February 12 and September 18  1810

(Declared Independence from Spain on that date in 1810. Actually, Chileans celebrate the date of the first Government Junta, September 18. This date was not recognized as such until April 25, 1844.)
Colombia July 20 and August 7 1810

Comoros July 6   1975
Costa Rica       September 15 1821
Croatia               October 8 1991
Cuba                  May 20                      1902
Cyprus               October 1 1960

Djibouti June 27      1977
Dominica November 3     1978

East Timor May 20                      2002 
Independence from Portugal in 2002 (recognition, East Timor was invaded by Indonesia from 1975 to 1999, officially it never ceased to be considered as administrated by Portugal).

Ecuador  August 10 1809
Proclaimed independence from Spain on August 10, 1809, but failed with the execution of all the conspirators of the movement on August 2, 1810.

Ecuador May 24 1822 Independence finally occurred on May 24, 1822 at the Battle of Pichincha.

El Salvador September 15 1821
Equatorial Guinea October 12 1968
Eritrea                    May 24                        1993

Estonia February 24 1918
Independence from the Russian Empire in 1918. Independence Day (Estonia)
Estonia August 20 1991 
Independence re-declared from the Soviet Union in 1991.

Fiji October 10 1970
Finland                   December 6 1917

Gabon August 17 1960
Gambia   February 18 1965
Georgia May 26                         1918 
Georgia                  April 9 1991
Ghana                     March 6   1957 
Greece March 25 1821
Grenada February 7 1974
Guatemala September 15    1821
Guinea October 2 1958
Guinea-Bissau September 24 1973 
Guyana May 26   1966

Haiti                        January 1 1804 
Honduras September 15 1821
Hungary August 20 1000
Iceland June 17 1944
India     August 15 1947
Independence from the United Kingdom in 1947. 
Indonesia August 17 1945
Iraq       October 3 1932
Ireland   April 24 1916

Israel                       Iyar 5
(On or between April 15 and May 15, depending on the Hebrew calendar). 5708 (1948) Independence from the British Mandate for Palestine, which took place on May 14, 1948 (5 Iyar 5708 in the Hebrew calendar). Yom Ha'atzmaut is celebrated on the Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday nearest to 5 Iyar, so it occurs between 3 and 6 Iyar each year; this means that the holiday can fall any time between and including April 15 and May 15, according to the Gregorian calendar.

Ivory Coast August 7 1960
Jamaica August 6 1962
Jordan                       May 25 1946
Kazakhstan December 16 1991
Kenya December 12                1963
Kiribati July 12 1979
Korea, North August 15 1945
Korea, South August 15 1945
Kosovo February 17 2008
Kuwait February 25 1961
Kyrgyzstan August 31 1991
Laos October 22 1953

Latvia November 18 1918
Proclamation of independence on November 18, 1918. Latvia was part of Russian Empire prior to the WWI, but its territory had been ceded to German Empire in March of 1918
Latvia May 4 1990 Restoration of independence from Soviet Union on May 4, 1990.

Lebanon November 22 1943
Lesotho October 4 1966
Liberia July 26 1847
Libya December 24 1951

Lithuania February 16 1918 Act of Independence of Lithuania: Independence from the Russian and German Empires in February 1918.
Lithuania March 11 1990 Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania: independence from the Soviet Union in March 1990.

Macedonia                  September 8 1991
Madagascar June 26 1960
Malawi                       July 6 1964
Malaysia August 31 1957
Maldives July 26 1965
Mali                          September 22 1960
Malta September 21 1964
Mauritania November 28 1960
Mauritius                  March 12 1968
Mexico September 16 1810
Moldova August 27 1991

Mongolia                   December 29        1911 Independence from the Qing Dynasty in 1911. However, the newly established Mongolian government was too weak to resist the occupation of the Republic of China in 1919 and later White Russia in early 1921. After ousting Roman von Ungern-Sternberg's forces, the new communist government was officially established on June 11, 1921.

Montenegro May 21 2006
Morocco November 18 1955
Mozambique June 25 1975
Namibia March 21 1990
Nauru January 31 1968
Nicaragua September 15 1821
Niger August 3 1960
Nigeria October 1 1960
Northern Cyprus September 2 1983
Norway May 17 1814

Pakistan August 14 1947

Panama November 28 1821
Independence from Spain in 1821.
Panama November 3 1903 Panama was member of the "Gran Colombia" until 1903. The 1903 separation from Colombia is celebrated as an official holiday day on November 3.

Papua New Guinea September 16 1975
Paraguay May 15 1811
Peru July 28 1821
Philippines June 12 1898
Poland November 11 1918
Portugal                         December 1 1640

Qatar December 18 1971
Rhodesia November 11 1965
Romania May 10 1877
Rwanda July 1 1962
Saint Kitts and Nevis September 19 1983
Saint Lucia February 22 1979

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines October 27 1979

Samoa June 1 1962
São Tomé and Príncipe July 12 1975
Senegal April 4 1960
Serbia February 15 1804
Seychelles June 29 1976
Sierra Leone April 27 1961
Singapore August 9 1965
Slovakia July 17 1992
Slovenia December 26 and June 25 1990 Date of the release of the official results of the independence plebiscite in 1990, confirming secession from Yugoslavia. (Statehood Day) Declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991. Independence and Unity Day

Solomon Islands July 7 1978
Somalia July 1 1960
South Africa December 11 1931
South Sudan July 9 2011
Sri Lanka February 4 1948
Sudan January 1 1956
Suriname November 25 1975
Swaziland September 6 1968
Sweden June 6 1523
Switzerland August 1                      1291
Syria April 17 1946

Tajikistan September 9 1991
Tanzania December 9 1961
Togo April 27 1960
Tibet February 13 1913
Tonga June 4 1970
Trinidad and Tobago August 31 1962
Tunisia March 20 1956 
Turkey October 29 1923
Turkmenistan October 27 1991
Tuvalu October 1 1978 
Uganda October 9 1962

Ukraine August 24 1991
Declaration of Independence of Ukraine from the Soviet Union in 1991. 
Independence Day of Ukraine
Ukraine January 22 1919 
Unification of Ukraine on January 22, 1919. Day of Unity of Ukraine

United Arab Emirates December 2 1971
United States July 4 1776
Uruguay August 25 1825
Uzbekistan September 1 1991
Vanuatu July 30 1980
Venezuela July 5 1811
Vietnam September 2 1945
Yemen November 30 1967
Zambia October 24 1964
Zimbabwe April 18 1980

Saturday, 5 December 2015

Proverbs

Meaning for Proverb
Every culture has a collection of wise sayings that offer advice about how to live your life. These sayings are called "Proverbs".
_________________

1. The best things are hard to come by.
2. Perseverance kills the game.
3. Ability is of little account without opportunity.
4. Behind the able man there are always other able man.
5. Do what you can with that what you have from where you are.
---------------------------------

Time tested proverbs from around the world

1. From what we get, we can make a loving, what we give , 
    however makes a real good life                 - Indian
2. Children are a poor man’s riches              - English
3. A bit of fragrance always clings to the hand that 
    gives you roses                                          - Chinese
4. A broken hand works, but not a 
    broken heart                                                   - Persian
5. A good beginning makes a good ending          -  English
6. A man shows his character by what he laughs at   - German
7. A lie has no legs but scandalous wings                   - Japanese
8. A mile walked with a friend contains only 
    hundred steps                                                          - Russian
9. A roaring tiger does not make a kill                         - Malaysian
10. Advising a fool is like giving medicine to a dead man    - American
11. Charcoal is charcoal even when it is washed in milk       - Sri Lankan
12. No one is satisfied with his fortune nor dissatisfied 
      with his intellect                                            - French 

Monday, 30 November 2015

Quotes

---

Quotes

1. “Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that
     counts can be counted”. - Albert Einstein
2. “I find that the harder I work, the more luck I seem to have”.
     - Thomas Jefferson
3. “I have not failed. I have just found 10000 ways that will not work”.
     - Thomas Alva Edison
4. “Be nice to people on your way up because you meet them on your way down”.
     - Jimmy Durrante
5. “Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity,
       and I am not sure about the former”. - Albert Einstein 
6. The human soul needs actual beauty more than bread.
    D. H. Lawrence
7. There never was a good war or a bad peace.
    Benjamin Franklin
8. The only man who never makes mistakes is the man who never does anything.
    Theodore Roosevelt
9. Truth and Non-violence is my God
    M. K. Gandhi
10. Just as I would not like to be a slave, so I would not like to be a master.
    Abraham Linkon
11. Knowledge is Power
    Hobbes
12. Man is by nature a political animal.
   Aristotol
13. Man is not the creature of circumstance. Circumstances are the creature of men.
   Disraeli
14. Excellent things are rare.
   Plato
15. Well done is better than well said.
   Benjamin Franklin
16. Faith is the bird that feels the light when the dawn is still dark.
   Rabindra Nath Tagore
17. Whether I earned your vote or not, I have listened to you, I have learned from you. You have made me a better President
   Barack Obama
18. One child, one teacher, one pen and one book can change the world.
   Malala Yousafzay
 ------- ------- -------

19. Take care to get what you like or you will be forced to like what you get.
   G. B. Shaw
20. A thing of beauty is a joy forever
   John Keats
21. To be and not to be that is the question.
   Shakespeare
22. Where wealth accumulates, men decay.
   Goldsmith
23. Beauty is truth, truth is beauty, that is all.
   John Keats
24. I came I saw I conquered
   Shekspear
25. Good Government is no substitute for self government.
   Alfred Tennyson
26. A democratic Government is of the people, for the people and by the people.
   Abraham Linkon
27. Law grinds the poor and rich men rule the men.

   Gold Smith
----------------------------



Friday, 27 November 2015

Tiger Reserves in India

Tiger Reserves in India

There are 48  Tiger Reserves in India, which are governed by Project Tiger which is administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority. India is home to 70 percent of tigers in the world. In 2006, there were 1,411 tigers which increased to 1,706 in 2011 and 2,226 in 2014.
The list of Tiger Reserves is given below in the order of establishment

S.No. Tiger Reserve         State
1 Bandipur Tiger Reserve - Karnataka
2 Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve         - Uttarakhand
3 Kanha Tiger Reserve         - Madhya Pradesh
4 Manas Tiger Reserve         - Assam
5 Melghat Tiger Reserve - Maharashtra
6 Palamau Tiger Reserve - Jharkhand
7 Ranthambore Tiger Reserve - Rajasthan
8 Similipal Tiger Reserve - Odisha
9 Sunderbans Tiger Reserve         - West Bengal
10 Periyar Tiger Reserve         - Kerala
11 Sariska Tiger Reserve         - Rajasthan
12 Buxa Tiger Reserve         - West Bengal
13 Indravati Tiger Reserve - Chhattisgarh
14 Namdapha Tiger Reserve - Arunachal Pradesh
15 Dudhwa Tiger Reserve - Uttar Pradesh
16 Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve - Tamil Nadu
17 Valmiki Tiger Reserve - Bihar
18 Pench Tiger Reserve         - Madhya Pradesh
19 Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve - Maharashtra
20 Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve - Madhya Pradesh
21 Panna Tiger Reserve         - Madhya Pradesh
22 Dampa Tiger Reserve         - Mizoram
23 Bhadra Tiger Reserve         - Karnataka
24 Pench Tiger Reserve         - Maharashtra
25 Pakhui Tiger Reserve         - Arunachal Pradesh
26 Nameri Tiger Reserve         - Assam
27 Satpura Tiger Reserve - Madhya Pradesh
28 Anamalai Tiger Reserve - Tamil Nadu
29 Udanti-Sitanadi         - Chhattisgarh
30 Satkosia Tiger Reserve - Odisha
31 Kaziranga Tiger Reserve - Assam
32 Achanakmar Tiger Reserve         - Chhattisgarh
33 Dandeli-Anshi National Park - Karnataka
34 Sanjay-Dubri Tiger Reserve - Madhya Pradesh
35 Mudumalai Tiger Reserve          - Tamil Nadu
36 Nagarahole Tiger Reserve         - Karnataka
37 Parambikulam Tiger Reserve - Kerala
38 Sahyadri         - Maharashtra
39 Biligiriranga Swamy Temple Tiger Reserve - Karnataka
40 Kawal Tiger Reserve         - Telangana
41 Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve - Tamil Nadu
42 Mukandra Hills         - Rajasthan
43 Nawegaon-Nagzira Tiger Reserve          - Maharashtra
44 Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve - Telangana
45 Amrabad Tiger reserve - Telangana
46 Pilibhit Tiger Reserve         - Uttar Pradesh
47 Bor Tiger Reserve - Maharashtra
48 Rajaji Tiger Reserve         - Uttarakhand